New Map Shows Unionization Rates by State in 2024

Following the release of annual data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) last month which revealed record low national union membership rates, Americans for Tax Reform published a new map showing the rate of unionization in each U.S. state.

The new data for BLS revealed that in 2024 just 9.9 percent of wage and salary workers in the United States were members of a labor union, down from 10.0 percent in 2023. In the private sector, 5.9 percent of workers were members of unions, while 32.2 percent of public-sector workers were members of a union.

In the map below, darker states have a higher rate of union membership among wage and salary workers, while lighter states have a lower rate of union membership. A yellow star indicates that the state has an active right-to-work policy.

[Click here to download a PDF]

The unionization rate for each state in 2024 (and the change from the previous year) are as follows:

National – 9.9 percent (-0.1)

Alabama – 6.6 percent (-0.9)

Alaska – 17.7 percent (+2.9)

Arizona – 3.7 percent (-0.5)

Arkansas – 3.5 percent (-1.6)

California – 14.5 percent (-0.9)

Colorado – 7.7 percent (+0.8)

Connecticut – 16.5 percent (+0.6)

Delaware – 8.5 percent (-0.3)

District of Columbia – 10.6 percent (+1.5)

Florida – 5.1 percent (+0.4)

Georgia – 3.8 percent (-0.8)

Hawaii – 26.5 percent (+2.4)

Idaho – 5.0 percent (+0.5)

Illinois – 13.1 percent (+0.3)

Indiana – 9.0 percent (+1.0)

Iowa – 6.4 percent (-0.8)

Kansas – 6.3 percent (-2.6)

Kentucky – 8.8 percent (=)

Louisiana – 3.9 percent (-0.4)

Maine – 13.1 percent (+3.9)

Maryland – 11.4 percent (+0.7)

Massachusetts – 14.6 percent (+2.0)

Michigan – 13.4 percent (+0.6)

Minnesota – 14.2 percent (+0.9)

Mississippi – 5.2 percent (-1.8)

Missouri – 8.6 percent (-0.7)

Montana – 11.9 percent (+0.1)

Nebraska – 6.8 percent (-0.5)

Nevada – 12.1 percent (-0.3)

New Hampshire – 9.2 percent (-0.1)

New Jersey – 16.2 percent (+0.1)

New Mexico – 7.5 percent (=)

New York – 20.6 percent (=)

North Carolina – 2.4 percent (-0.3)

North Dakota – 5.0 percent (-1.2)

Ohio – 12.1 percent (-0.4)

Oklahoma – 5.3 percent (-1.5)

Oregon – 15.9 percent (+1.8)

Pennsylvania – 11.7 percent (-1.2)

Rhode Island – 14.5 percent (+2.2)

South Carolina – 2.8 percent (+0.5)

South Dakota – 2.7 percent (-0.9)

Tennessee – 4.7 percent (-1.3)

Texas – 4.5 percent (=)

Utah – 3.7 percent (-0.4)

Vermont – 14.3 percent (=)

Virginia – 5.2 percent (+0.9)

Washington – 16.0 percent (-0.5)

West Virginia – 8.8 percent (+0.1)

Wisconsin – 6.4 percent (-1.0)

Wyoming – 5.6 percent (=)